All You Need to Know About Small Cell Lung Cancer

Among the different types of lung cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive and fast-growing cancer, accounting for approximately 10-15% of all lung cancer cases. Although it is rare - compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it poses unique challenges and requires specialized approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and management.  

In this comprehensive blog post, we will share a detailed understanding of small-cell lung cancer, including its risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options. Read on to learn more.  

Risk Factors for Small Cell Lung Cancer 

1. Smoking

Tobacco is the leading risk factor for developing small cell lung cancer. Those who smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke constantly, are at greater risk. Carcinogens and toxins present in tobacco can damage the cells lining the lungs, leading to genetic mutations and causing cancer.  

Read more: 5 Harmful Side Effects of Nicotine Gum 

2. Exposure to radiation 

Individuals with a history of exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation are at an increased risk of developing small cell lung cancer.  

3. Exposure to toxic chemicals

Those who work around toxic chemicals such as asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and diesel exhaust may develop SCLC.  

4. HIV

Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of this disease due to the weakened immune system and chronic inflammation.  

5. Family history

Although the genetic factors involved in SCLC still require more research, several studies suggest that certain inherited gene mutations may contribute to SCLC. 

Having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily lead to an individual developing SCLC in their lifetime. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to get detailed guidance on how to reduce the risk of this disease. 

Symptoms of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Individuals suffering from SCLC may exhibit different symptoms depending on the stage and extent of the disease. However, there are some common symptoms which are as follows.  

• A persistent and worsening cough, sometimes accompanied by blood (hemoptysis) or phlegm.  

• Fluid accumulation in the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath.  

• Chest pain which can be localized or radiated to the shoulders, back, or arms.  

• Persistent fatigue and unexplained weakness 

• Unexplained weight loss 

• Neurological symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, seizures, etc.  

Most of these symptoms are non-specific and often overlap with other respiratory or systemic conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if individuals experience persistent or worsening symptoms.  

Treatment Options for Small Cell Lung Cancer

1. Surgery

Surgery is not the primary treatment option for SCLC due to its aggressive nature. Oncologists typically consider surgical intervention for specific cases, such as early-stage disease with small tumors with no metastasis. Surgical procedures may involve removing the affected lobe of the lung (lobectomy) or the entire lung (pneumonectomy).  

2. Radiation therapy

Oncologists often prescribe radiation therapy as the primary treatment approach for SCLC. There are two different types of radiotherapy commonly used for this disease:  

• External Beam Radiation: It involves directing radiation from outside the body to the tumor and surrounding areas. It is commonly used to shrink the tumor, relieve symptoms, and eradicate cancer cells in combination with chemotherapy.  

• Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation (PCI): Oncologists recommend this radiation therapy for individuals with early-stage SCLC. They may also prescribe it to those responding well to initial treatment to prevent or reduce the risk of cancer spreading to the brain.  

3. Chemotherapy

It is a systemic, traditional cancer treatment approach that uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of both early-stage and advanced-stage small cell lung cancer.   

4. Immunotherapy

This new treatment approach has emerged as a promising option for a few subsets of small cell lung cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as drugs targeting PD-1 and PD-L1, have shown efficacy in individuals with advanced SCLC. Oncologists typically recommend immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy.  

It is important to note that the choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the stage and extent of the disease, overall health of the patient, and individualized treatment plans developed by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. Treatment decisions are best made in close consultation with oncologists and other specialists experienced in the management of small cell lung cancer.  

The Bottom Line

Since the symptoms of small cell lung cancer are non-exclusive, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. In the later stages, when cancer has already spread beyond the lung, it becomes difficult to treat SCLC. Hence, the 5-year relative survival rate for SCLC is comparatively lower than most types of cancer. Consult a doctor if you are in contact with any risk factors and understand the early signs of this disease. For any queries or concerns about small cell lung cancer, contact ACTC, one of the best cancer centers in America.