7 Ways to Manage the Side Effects of Targeted Therapy

With the rapidly evolving landscape of modern medicine, groundbreaking advancements continue to reshape how healthcare professionals approach disease treatment. One such revolutionary treatment approach is targeted therapy. It is a form of precision medicine that has revolutionized the field of oncology with its ability to target specific molecular alterations. It has emerged as a beacon of hope for individuals seeking more effective and personalized treatment options for cancer.  

While targeted therapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment, it also comes with a set of potential side effects. In this blog post, we will share a detailed understanding of targeted therapy, its side effects, and what measures individuals can take to cope with them. Read on to learn more.  

What is Targeted Therapy?

Also known as molecularly targeted therapy or precision medicine, targeted therapy is a relatively new form of cancer treatment. This treatment option aims to specifically target and interrupt key signaling pathways to stop cancer progression. Targeted therapy minimizes collateral damage to adjacent healthy cells and tissues, which are often impacted during conventional cancer treatment approaches.  

Common Side Effects of Targeted Therapy

1. Fatigue  

It is one of the most frequently reported side effects of targeted therapy. Individuals may experience a persistent feeling of tiredness, lack of energy, and a reduced ability to carry out daily activities. Fatigue can occur as a result of the impact of targeted therapy on healthy cells and tissues. Additionally, the overall physiological and psychological stress associated with treatment can contribute to this feeling of tiredness as well.  

2. Gastrointestinal issues  

Sometimes, targeted therapies may interfere with signaling pathways involved in normal gastrointestinal function and cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. These symptoms may vary in severity, and healthcare providers often provide supportive measures to manage these challenges.  

3. Skin reactions  

Certain targeted therapy medications can interfere with cellular signaling pathways, leading to inflammation, hypersensitivity reactions, or changes in pigmentation. It can eventually produce side effects, including rashes, dryness, itching, and changes in skin color.   

4. Elevated blood pressure  

Certain medications can impact vascular signaling pathways and disrupt the balance of vasoconstriction and vasodilation, leading to increased blood pressure. Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential to manage this potential side effect.  

5. Hand-foot syndrome  

Also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, this condition is characterized by redness, tenderness, swelling, and peeling of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.  

6. Cognitive impairment  

Often referred to as "chemo brain" or "cancer-related cognitive impairment," some targeted therapies may hinder memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills.   

7. Sleep disturbances  

Targeted therapy can disrupt normal sleep patterns, leading to insomnia or excessive sleepiness.    

Coping Strategies for Targeted Therapy Side Effects

1. Follow treatment guidelines  

Individuals should strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment plan. Take medications as directed, and do not alter the dosage or frequency without consulting the healthcare team. At every step of the treatment and recovery process, consult the healthcare team for any concerns.  

2. Stay hydrated   

Adequate hydration and balanced nutrition play a crucial role in managing the side effects of targeted therapy. Make it a habit to drink water throughout the day and carry a reusable water bottle as a reminder. Include fresh fruits and vegetables like watermelon, cucumbers, oranges, and strawberries or soups, broths, and smoothies, which can also provide both hydration and nourishment. 

3. Consider dietary changes  

To manage the gastrointestinal side effects of targeted therapy, follow these dietary changes:  

• Eat smaller, frequent meals to alleviate nausea and improve digestion  
• Avoid spicy, greasy, or heavy foods that may trigger gastrointestinal distress  
• Consume foods high in fiber to promote regular bowel movements and alleviate constipation  

Individuals can also check with their healthcare team to explore anti-nausea medications and other supportive therapies that can provide relief.  

4. Focus on skincare  

In order to deal with rashes, dryness, or sensitivity caused by targeted therapy, it is crucial to keep the skin well-moisturized with fragrance-free, gentle moisturizers. In addition, emphasis on protection from excessive sun exposure by wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, etc.  

It is better to avoid harsh soaps, perfumes, or products that may further irritate the skin. Consult a dermatologist for appropriate topical treatments or recommendations that can help manage specific skin reactions.  

5. Get enough rest  

It is crucial to prioritize rest and sufficient restorative sleep each night to combat fatigue. Individuals can also practice low-intensity, gentle exercises, such as walking or stretching to keep themselves energized and fresh throughout the day. Start slow and follow an exercise regime approved by the healthcare team.  

6. Seek complementary therapies  

Explore complementary therapies like acupuncture, massage therapy, yoga, or meditation to boost mood, reduce fatigue and improve overall well-being. However, individuals must consult their healthcare team before incorporating any complementary therapies into their treatment plan.  

7. Engage in self-care   

In order to manage the emotional impact of cancer treatment, spend time practicing stress reduction techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, etc. Stay mentally stimulated by reading, engaging in puzzles or games, pursuing hobbies, or participating in activities that bring joy. Also, staying connected with friends and family can provide additional emotional support during and after cancer treatment.  

Other Things Individuals Should Know About the Side Effects

• Side effects of targeted therapy can vary from person to person, and not everyone experiences the same side effects.   
• The severity of side effects can differ depending on the specific drug and individual factors. Individuals should have an open discussion with the cancer care team to understand which side effects are commonly associated with their treatment, their expected duration, and intensity.  
• Some rare and unusual side effects can occur with a few targeted therapy drugs.  

The Bottom Line

Most of the side effects associated with targeted therapy are short-lived and tend to go away on their own. Since targeted therapy drugs are relatively new, it is not yet fully understood if targeted therapy drugs have similar long-term effects to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.  

As research continues to advance in the field of targeted therapy, ongoing studies aim to provide more comprehensive information about the potential long-term changes caused by these drugs. It is important to stay informed and maintain open communication with the healthcare team for the most up-to-date guidance.   

For any queries or concerns about targeted therapy, contact Advanced Cancer Treatment Center, one of the leading cancer centers in Florida, offering state-of-the-art facilities for cancer treatment.