Salivary Gland Cancer: What You Need to Know

Salivary gland cancer is rare, but understanding it early can help you feel more in control. The salivary glands—located near the cheeks, jaw, and under the tongue—make saliva, which helps break down food and keeps your mouth moist. When a tumor develops in these glands, it may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Cancer begins when cells grow in an uncontrolled way. Salivary gland tumors are classified by their cell type, which helps doctors decide how to treat them.

Types of Salivary Gland Cancer

Not all salivary gland cancers are the same. Your doctor may mention one of these main types:

• Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: This is the most common type of salivary gland cancer, making up about one-third of cases. It starts in cells that produce mucus and squamous-like cells.

• Adenoid cystic carcinoma: This type is less common but can behave aggressively over time, with the potential to spread or return later.

• Acinic cell carcinoma: This is a slow-growing cancer that starts in cells that produce saliva.

• Polymorphous adenocarcinoma: This is rare, mostly found in the minor salivary glands inside the mouth.

Each type behaves differently, so knowing the name helps guide your care.

Causes and Risk Factors of Salivary Gland Cancer

Doctors don’t always know what causes salivary gland cancer, but some factors may increase risk:

• Age: It is more common among older adults.

• Radiation exposure: Prior radiation treatment to the head or neck may raise the risk.

• Certain viruses: High-risk HPV has been detected in some cancer cases, though the connection is not well established. Meanwhile, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to a rare form of salivary gland cancer.

• Occupational exposures: Jobs involving certain workplace exposures (such as nickel alloy dust, silica dust, or work in asbestos mining) may increase risk, but these links aren’t certain.

• Family history: While this cancer is generally not considered hereditary, those with a family history of salivary gland cancer may be at greater risk.

Having a risk factor doesn’t mean you’ll get cancer. Many people with salivary gland cancer have no known risk factors. If you’re concerned, talk to a healthcare provider about your history.

Common Symptoms of Salivary Gland Cancer

Symptoms can be caused by other conditions, but here are signs to watch for:

• Lump or swelling in the face, neck, mouth, or near the ear
• Numbness or weakness in the face; changes in facial appearance
• Trouble swallowing or opening your mouth
• Pain, or fluid draining from the ear

If you notice these symptoms, see a doctor as soon as you can for evaluation and peace of mind.

Treatment Options for Salivary Gland Cancer

Salivary gland cancer treatment depends on the tumor type, stage, and your overall health. Your oncologist may recommend one or more of the following:

• Surgery: Often the first treatment. The goal is to remove the tumor and a rim of nearby tissue. Sometimes, part or all of the gland must be removed, which can affect saliva production.

• Radiation therapy: May be given after surgery or as the main treatment. It uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy: Used in some advanced cases, often along with radiation. It’s not always the primary treatment for this type of cancer.

• Targeted therapy: These drugs target specific gene alterations in certain tumors.

Many people also benefit from supportive care during treatment, including:

• Pain relief medication
• Nutrition support
• Physical therapy
• Emotional and psychosocial support

These services can make a big difference in quality of life.

Prognosis and Next Steps

Every person’s outlook (prognosis) is different. It depends on your type of cancer, how early it’s found, and your general health. Some salivary gland cancers respond well to treatment, but statistics can’t predict individual outcomes.

It’s important to talk with your care team about what to expect. They’ll help you understand your options and build a plan that fits your needs and goals. For more information and support, call 352-345-4565 or book an appointment with our providers at ACTC.